Classification and knowledge popularization of wooden flooring

1、 Types of wooden flooring

Wood flooring usually includes: solid wood flooring, composite flooring, and bamboo wood flooring.

Solid wood flooring: It is a flooring material used on the ground after the surface, sides, and other necessary processing of solid wood as a whole. It is a natural, healthy and environmentally friendly product that preserves the original texture, color, and woody aroma of the wood. The characteristics of natural solid wood enable solid wood flooring to regulate indoor temperature and humidity; The elasticity of wood can alleviate foot impact and make the feet feel comfortable; Chamfering of wooden flooring can provide anti slip and aesthetic effects; Antibacterial UV coating can effectively inhibit bacterial parasitism and has antibacterial and bactericidal functions; And the wood has good sound pickup effect. The disadvantage is that it consumes a lot of forest resources and has a relatively high cost.

Composite floor: the surface is wear-resistant and flame retardant decorative layer, the surface texture is imitation wood grain paper, and the layer is high-density particle board or fiberboard. The surface veneer has consistent patterns, good wear resistance, high hardness, and simple laying. The disadvantage is that the service life is short, the decorative layer cannot be restored after being damaged, and the floor adhesive contains chemical components (formaldehyde) that affect human health.

Bamboo and Wood Flooring: Natural bamboo is broken into strips, with bamboo skins and bags removed. Bamboo chips from bamboo diameter areas are selected, and after steaming, degreasing, and dehydration treatment, they are transformed into bamboo and wood, which are then spliced and pressed together. The shape is straight, the structure is compact, the texture is straight, the hardness is high, and its refreshing personality is loved by the majority of consumers. The disadvantage is that there is no temperature regulation function of solid wood, and it is cold all year round.

Classification of solid wood flooring

Solid wood flooring can be divided into solid wood monolithic flooring, solid wood integrated flooring, and solid wood composite flooring according to the differences in processing technology.

Solid wood block flooring is a flooring material used on the ground after processing the surface, sides, and other necessary processes of solid wood block materials. Its organizational texture is pure natural, natural, beautiful, and durable. If the process treatment is not perfect, deformation will occur.

Solid wood integrated flooring (geothermal flooring) is a solid wood flooring material composed of 20-40mm thick boards, along the direction of wood fibers and parallel to the appropriate length and width. Integrated wood is not related to the diameter and length of the original wood, but only selects the parts with good materials, discards the tree nodes, cracks, and rotten parts in the raw materials, and processes them into a certain length and width, and fully dries and processes them into flooring materials in an ideal state. The stability of its quality is higher, and its strength is twice that of the entire solid wood. It effectively utilizes resources and solves the defects of easy deformation and cracking in the construction materials of the entire solid wood, making the use of solid wood materials more extensive.

The composition of solid wood composite floor: it is extruded by urea formaldehyde resin adhesive from the surface layer, core layer and bottom layer, of which the surface layer is made of high-quality Flat noodles, and the thickness is generally 4mm. The core layer and bottom layer are composed of ordinary low-grade wood, with thicknesses of 9mm and 2mm respectively. Its advantages are that the surface layer is made of natural wood, with clear texture, high resource utilization rate, and relatively low cost. The disadvantage is poor process treatment, easy delamination and degumming, poor corrosion resistance, and overall expansion when affected by moisture.

At present, solid wood integrated flooring is widely used in laying geothermal buildings in countries such as Europe, America, and Japan. Geothermal heating is achieved by heating underground pipelines. The integrated floor has stable dimensions, is not easily deformed when heated, has balanced thermal conductivity, and can be suspended without keel installation, making it a choice for geothermal flooring.

The difference between solid wood flooring and reinforced composite flooring

Reinforced composite flooring is a surface paving profile made from raw wood, crushed, filled with adhesive and anti-corrosion materials, and processed. It is composed of four layers, the bottom layer is a protective layer made of moisture-proof film, the second layer is a base layer made of hard fibreboard, density fibreboard and particle board, the third layer is a decorative layer made of wood grain pattern dip paper, and the top layer is a surface layer of corrosion resistant polymer material.

Composite flooring has the following advantages:

1. Wear resistant, flame retardant, moisture-proof, anti-static, anti-skid, pressure resistant, and easy to clean;

2. The texture is neat, the color is uniform, the strength is high, the elasticity is good, and the foot feel is good;

3. Avoiding problems such as deformation, insect damage, moisture resistance, and regular maintenance of wood caused by climate change;

4. Lightweight and uniform in specifications, easy for construction and installation. Small floors do not require bonding, and are directly floated on the ground through the tenon of the board itself, saving labor and costs; This material does not require painting or waxing, and is easy to maintain daily with low usage costs;

5. It has a wide range of applications and can be used on any ground outside the bathroom.

However, composite flooring also has its drawbacks, such as not being suitable for places with high humidity, not being as elastic as solid wood flooring, and not as decorative as solid wood flooring, which has a simple and elegant temperament.

The fundamental difference is between solid wood and non solid wood. When choosing wooden flooring, some dealers often refer to reinforced composite flooring as wooden flooring. Solid wood flooring can be identified from the surface and sides of the floor:

The surface pattern of solid wood flooring is natural, and the pattern of each board is different, with a certain color difference and a certain texture when viewed from the side; The surface of the reinforced composite floor is decorated with a decorative layer veneer, with consistent patterns and no color difference. The adhesive layer marks can be seen on the side. Usage: Solid wood flooring can be polished, painted, and reused, while reinforced flooring cannot.

2、 Painting of wooden flooring

According to whether paint is applied, it can be divided into two types: scratch free flooring and paint free flooring.

The installation requirements for planing free flooring are not high and the price is relatively cheap, but the project quantity is large and the construction period is also long. After the floor is laid, it should be planed and polished, and the paint should be waxed. If the paint process is not handled properly, it is easy to cause paint surface cracking, even cracks in putty joints or new color differences after painting.

The paintless floor is made by using imported equipment, imported UV paint, one-time multi-layer roller coating or spray coating, and UV drying. The adhesion between the paint surface and the floor is strong, the color is natural, the material color is intuitive, and the surface is clean; The evenness of hand feel, wear resistance and smoothness of the paint are several times higher than those of manual paint, and it is resistant to high temperatures. It is burned with a cigarette end for 20 seconds without discoloration. The floor is ready to use and saves time and effort, making it the best-selling wooden floor today.

Painting of wooden floors

According to the different processes of paint used, it can be divided into UV spray paint, PU spray paint, and wear-resistant roller paint. Each of the three types of paint has its own advantages and disadvantages.

UV spray coating belongs to baking paint, with high hardness and full gloss of the paint film, which can be divided into matte, flat, and high gloss. The disadvantage is that the paint film is brittle and the adhesion performance is poor.

PU spraying is a slow drying paint with good adhesion, but poor hardness and no wear resistance.

The wear-resistant roller has good adhesion to the paint film, high wear resistance, but poor hardness.

3、 Color difference of wooden flooring

Flooring is a natural building material originating from nature, and wooden flooring naturally retains the unique characteristics of all things in nature. The growth conditions of trees vary, and there may be certain differences in material and color. For example, trees on sunny slopes grow faster and their material density is relatively small; Trees on the sunny slope grow slowly, with a relatively high material density and varying colors. For example, the different growth years of the tree's sunny side, shady side, branches, trunks, and roots also result in certain color differences. So the color difference of solid wood flooring is objective, and an appropriate color difference can also give people a lively feeling. Artificial composite flooring also deliberately creates a certain color difference by imitating solid wood flooring, in pursuit of natural harmony.

4、 Jointing of wooden flooring

After the board is assembled, there is a "chamfer", which is a necessary process for paintless flooring. From the surface, there are cracks on the board, but the interior is very tight, and dust and water cannot fall at all. The chamfering effect has three points: firstly, wood has the characteristic of dry shrinkage and wet expansion. When wood expands, it plays a fine tuning role; The second is the anti slip effect; Thirdly, chamfering itself is a form of decorative line beauty, with orderly arrangement of lines, forming an intuitive three-dimensional aesthetic.

5、 Drying and processing of solid wood flooring

The purpose of floor drying is to achieve a balanced moisture content of wood, and to remove the resin from the trunk to prevent deformation, cracking, and insect damage, thereby improving the mechanical strength and service life of the floor. It is an indispensable and important process. Moisture content is the lifeline of wood, and the wood used for processing flooring must undergo processes such as degreasing, dehydration, and curing (shaping treatment), which is a prerequisite for ensuring the internal quality of flooring. The national standard for wood moisture content, such as Xi'an, is 7% -12. 8%。 Only by approaching the moisture content of the sales area can we truly ensure the stability and durability of the floor.

Processing accuracy: UV paint natural solid wood flooring is directly paved, thus requiring higher processing accuracy.

6、 Method for Judging the Quality of Materials 

The choice of flooring material type should be determined based on personal decoration style, preferences, economic ability, and usage environment. The main indicators for judging the province of wood species are the drying shrinkage coefficient of wood (which has good stability) and the corrosion resistance coefficient, followed by the strength index. As a household floor, moderate strength is sufficient. The heavier the wood, the better its stability; If the wood is heavy and free of oil, it contains a large amount of resin (intercellular channels), which hinders the movement of water during drying and causes uneven internal and external moisture content, which can easily cause warping, cracking, deformation, and other phenomena. For example, teak is a precious wood in the world, with moderate strength and light weight. However, after drying, its size is very stable and its shrinkage is minimal. Due to the large amount of oil in the wood, it has strong corrosion resistance to wood rotting fungi, marine animals, and termites. It is also resistant to chemical corrosion and is widely used in ship deck manufacturing and ship shell manufacturing. In the past decade, countries such as India and Myanmar have often used the physical and mechanical indicators of teak to measure the quality of other tree species' materials.

7、 Price ratio of flooring 

The price of flooring is mainly due to differences in material types, production rates, production locations, costs, board grades, drying levels, processing techniques, and quality assurance, resulting in price differences. Therefore, when choosing flooring, it is important to take into account price factors such as material name, grade quality, and quality.